四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌的疗效和安全性

目的:初步探讨四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌的有效性和安全性。方法:43例食管癌患者随机分为2组，试验组22例，在IMRT放疗的基础上联用四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减，水煎服，每日一剂，早晚服用，于放疗第1天开始，放疗结束两周后停用；对照组21例只行IMRT放疗。结果:试验组与对照组的近期有效率（RR）和疾病控制率（DCR）分别为59.1%、86.4%和42.9%、61.9%，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）；1、2、3年生存率虽然治疗组较对照组确有提高，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）；试验组白细胞减少、血小板减少、血红蛋白减少、放射性肺炎均较对照组发生率明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)。结论:四君子汤合沙参麦冬汤加减联合IMRT放疗治疗局部复发食管鳞癌患者可以明显降低放疗所致不良反应，一定程度改善患者的治疗效果和1、2、3年生存率。     

局部晚期食管鳞癌新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解关系分析

目的 探讨接受新辅助放化疗的局部晚期食管鳞癌患者新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解(pCR)的关系。方法 收集2017-2019年间在四川大学华西医院肿瘤中心经病理确诊为食管鳞癌并接受新辅助放化疗和手术的 116例局部晚期患者临床资料。116例患者中 40~45Gy组 80例,≥45Gy组 36例,分析两组术后pCR率。结果 全组患者的pCR率为38.8%(45/116),40~45Gy组与≥45Gy组的pCR率分别为44%(35/80)和28%(10/36)(P=0.105)。结论 术前新辅助采用较高的放疗剂量不增加局部晚期食管鳞癌的pCR率,有必要进行前瞻性的临床研究确定合适的新辅助放疗剂量。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤恶性风险预测模型研究

目的 明确与恶性胰腺囊性肿瘤（PCN）相关的术前危险因素，建立准确的预测模型，并予以验证。方法 纳入2013年1月至2020年5月复旦大学附属华东医院经术后病理检查证实的114例PCN病例，分为模型组（n=80）和验证组（n=34）。回顾性分析模型组术前的临床资料并探索与恶性PCN相关的影响因素，建立PCN恶性风险预测模型，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和校正曲线评价模型，最后基于验证组数据对模型进行临床验证。结果 单因素回归分析提示临床症状、CA19-9水平升高、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、淋巴细胞单核细胞比值（LMR）、肿瘤最大直径、胰管扩张和实性成分与恶性PCN显著相关，进一步行多因素回归分析确定了NLR≥2.146、CA19-9水平升高、胰管扩张是恶性PCN的独立预测因素。基于多因素回归分析结果建立恶性PCN预测模型，绘制模型的ROC曲线，计算AUC为0.921（95%CI 0.863~0.979），Youden指数最大时取得最佳临界预测值为0.203，此时相对应的特异度为83.3%，敏感度为92.9%，准确率为85%。同时校正曲线显示模型具有较好的拟合度，最后代入验证组数据显示模型预测准确率为82.4%，特异度81.2%，敏感度100%。结论 CA19-9水平升高、NLR升高以及胰管扩张是恶性PCN的高危因素，基于此建立的恶性胰腺囊性肿瘤的预测模型具有较好的准确率，可为今后的临床诊疗提供辅助参考。     

Colon and rectal cancer risk after bariatric surgery in a multicountry Nordic cohort study

Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Yet, some research indicates that weight-reducing bariatric surgery also increases colorectal cancer risk. Our study was undertaken because current evidence examining bariatric surgery and risk of colorectal cancer is limited and inconsistent. This population-based cohort study included adults with a documented obesity diagnosis in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway or Sweden in 1980–2015. The incidence of colorectal cancer in participants with obesity who had and had not undergone bariatric surgery was compared to the incidence in the corresponding background population by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, operated and nonoperated participants with obesity were compared using multivariable Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs adjusted for confounders. Among 502,772 cohort participants with an obesity diagnosis, 49,931(9.9%) underwent bariatric surgery. The overall SIR of colon cancer was increased after bariatric surgery (SIR 1.56; 95% CI 1.28–1.88), with higher SIRs ≥10 years postsurgery. The overall HR of colon cancer in operated compared to nonoperated participants was 1.13 (95% CI 0.92–1.39) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.04–2.31) 10–14 years after bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery did not significantly increase the risk of rectal cancer (SIR 1.14, 95% CI 0.83–1.52; HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79–1.49), but the risk estimates increased with longer follow-up periods. Our study suggests that bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, while the support for an increased risk of rectal cancer was weaker.     

食管鳞癌患者远处转移部位与预后的相关性及生存分析

目的:探讨食管鳞癌患者远处转移部位与预后的相关性及生存分析。方法:从SEER数据库中提取2010年至2015年共439例食管鳞癌伴远处转移患者的临床资料，回顾性分析比较食管鳞癌远处转移部位与预后的相关性，通过χ2检验比较两组变量的差异，采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log-rank检验进行单因素分析，COX回归进行多因素分析。结果:肺转移、骨+肺转移、肝+肺转移患者预后较好；骨转移、脑转移、骨+脑转移、骨+脑+肝+肺转移患者预后较差。单因素分析显示:年龄、原发灶部位、T分期、手术情况、多器官转移情况与食管鳞癌远处转移患者的预后有关（P＜0.05）；多因素分析显示:年龄、手术情况与多器官转移情况是影响食管鳞癌远处转移患者总生存时间（OS）的独立危险因素。结论:食管鳞癌伴远处转移的患者整体预后较差，但年龄在60~69岁区间、接受手术治疗与较好的预后相关。仅单器官转移的食管鳞癌患者中，骨转移、脑转移患者预后较差；合并多器官转移的患者中，骨+脑转移、骨+脑+肝+肺转移患者预后较差。     

分化差的胃神经内分泌肿瘤预后分析

 目的 探讨分化差的胃神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特点和辅助治疗对预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析经根治性手术治疗的胃神经内分泌肿瘤124例，根据肿瘤分类标准对肿瘤进行分类、分级和分期，并进行随访，采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log rank检验进行单因素分析，Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 胃神经内分泌瘤、胃神经内分泌癌和混合性腺神经内分泌癌的5年生存率分别为100%、52.4%和38.8%，多因素分析示淋巴结转移与否（P=0.030）和有无辅助治疗（P=0.017），尤其是顺铂联合依托泊苷方案（HR=0.051, P=0.015）是影响胃神经内分泌癌患者的独立预后因素；而淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期和有无辅助治疗均不是混合性腺神经内分泌癌患者的独立预后因素。结论 胃神经内分泌癌患者的预后与淋巴结转移和有无辅助治疗有关，其辅助治疗可以考虑顺铂联合依托泊苷方案。     

结直肠肿瘤内镜切除术后高危随访因素研究进展

 目前，结直肠息肉内镜下切除术后随访并无固定时限和标准，许多影响结直肠肿瘤随访的高危因素未被重视。本综述通过阐述和总结结直肠肿瘤的相关高危因素，以综合制定更加完善的随访体系，这将有利于肠镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术后患者的个体化随访及治疗。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对食管癌细胞ncRNA/mRNA表达谱的影响

目的:分析组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA处理前后,食管癌细胞株EC109中差异表达的非编码RNA(ncRNA)和mRNA表达谱,初步预测与TSA作用相关的ncRNA和mRNA。方法:采用MTT、细胞周期等方法检测TSA的效应;运用应用芯片技术分别检测TSA处理前后EC109细胞中ncRNA和mRNA表达谱变化,并对差异ncRNA和mRNA表达谱进行整合分析。结果:TSA以剂量时间依赖方式抑制细胞增殖,细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的发生。芯片检测共发现461个ncRNA和758个mRNA显著性差异表达,生物信息学分析显示差异涉及红比霉素、阿霉素代谢过程、氧化还原、核小体的装配、染色质结构组织和端粒的结构组织等。通过数据库分析预测及整合分析,得到了361个ncRNA-mRNA靶基因对。结论:差异表达的ncRNA和mRNA对TSA的生物学效应密切关联,为进一步研究基因功能及其在肿瘤中的生物学意义奠定基础。     

Anthropometric and reproductive factors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric noncardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI ≥30 vs. 18.5–25 kg/m²: HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.03) and women (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. After mutual adjustment for BMI and HC, respectively, WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs. <0.91; HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52–4.72 for WC >98 vs. <90 cm) and women (HR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.35–14.33 for WHR >0.82 vs. <0.76; HR = 5.67, 95% CI: 1.76–18.26 for WC >84 vs. <74 cm). WHR was also positively associated with GC in women, and WC was positively associated with GC in men. Inverse associations were observed between parity and EA (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.99; >2 vs. 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91; >26 vs. <22 years); whereas bilateral ovariectomy was positively associated with GNC (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.36). These findings support a role for hormonal pathways in upper gastrointestinal cancers.